Decarbonization involves increasing the prominence of low-carbon power generation, and a corresponding reduction in the use of fossil fuels. This particularly involves a use of renewable energy sources like wind power, solar power, and biomass. The use of carbon power can also be reduced through large-scale use of electric vehicles alongside ‘cleaner’ technologies. Decreasing carbon intensity in the power and transport sectors will allow for net zero emission targets to be met sooner and in line with government standards. More energy-efficient and less carbon-intense energy sources are some of the most prominent ways decarbonization may be achieved.

These goals can also be reached by decreasing the amount of CO2 emitted across industries and will require a fundamentally different energy system, by using alternative energy sources based on green electricity and green molecules (such as biofuels and hydrogen).